Principles of Assessment Expository of Scientific Report Writing as an Assessment Item

Titian, Venus and the Lutenist Titian’s Venus and the Lutenist portrays Venus laying in an elegant setting set on a bigger peaceful scene. The interweaving of both dignified and peaceful is regular in the high Renaissance and suitable for the work of art as Venus is the sovereign of adoration, magnificence, and nature. The work of art was potentially a wedding blessing to an aristocrat or ruler, and the topic of marriage is reflected in Venus’ ring and the wreath of blossoms that Cupid places over her head. We will compose a custom article test on Titian’s Venus and the Lutenist or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Trademarks of the elegant, for example, adornments and rich apparel, are engraved with peaceful highlights. Without a doubt, Venus is set upon a peaceful and characteristic scene in light of the fact that â€Å"there is none among [living things] which has not been gotten from affection as from its first and most reverend dad. † (Bembo, Gli Asolani) By setting her inside, laying on extravagant textures, Titian commends and puts a higher incentive on Venus. It appears to set a pecking order where she is at the top, and nature and mankind are underneath. She lays adjacent to an aristocrat playing the lute, which is in itself a cultured instrument and he is looking at her in profound respect. By depicting the aristocrat as youthful, Titian gives Venus a practically maternal quality, playing on the possibility that she is the mother of all things (she is every so often contrasted with Mary. ) She is additionally separate from the scene out of sight by the distinction in the exercises being performed by the figures. Out of sight can be seen sprites and satyrs moving openly, rather than the higher, progressively cultivated Venus in the forefront. Titian settle conflicting estimations of the sixteenth century by honoring and commending a figure of incredible sexuality and underlining Venus’ effect on all of nature through the bigger peaceful scene. The most effective method to refer to Titian’s Venus and the Lutenist, Essay models

Name Essays (1365 words) - Genocides, Racism, Murder,

Name: Educator: Course: Date: Portrayals of War and Genocide Edwidge Danticat's Farming of the Bones depicts annihilation and slaughter in various manners. This exposition focuses on reasons why ever, the Parsley slaughter isn't known as destruction yet rather a slaughter. Slaughter is characterized as the demonstration of mass killing of individuals due to an assortment of reasons; it is unpredictably executing of countless individuals and particularly the less amazing, less force and those that are not insubordinate. Slaughter can likewise be alluded as a demonstration of devastation where not just individuals are butchered by their properties are annihilated too. Slaughter is a demonstration of murdering individuals from a specific ethnic gathering or unfair executing of individuals. In this way, ever, Parsley slaughter is called slaughter since Parsley was about mass killing of defenseless and less lucky individuals because of various reasons. The creator of The Farming Bones, Danticat joins history and fictions to speak to war and annihil ation. This book identifies with the recorded fiction that centers around 1937 slaughter that occurred in the Dominican Republic under the decision of dict ator, Rafael Trujillo (Upchurch ). For this situation, the goal of the creator is to utilize both fiction and history to empower them to comprehend the novel and its topics. The part center around for what reason does the creator notice slaughters in history as far back as the Armenian annihilation however don't make reference to the Parsley slaughter and factors that add to the nonappearance Parsley slaughter ever. There are different reasons why the creator makes reference to slaughters in history yet doesn't specify the Parsley slaughter. To begin with, the creator feels that history has overlooked the occurrence that prompted the passings of individuals from her nation. History makes reference to occasions, for example, Armenian destruction, Holocaust, Rwandan massacre and numerous different occasions that drove misfortune lives. These annihilation verifiable occasions can be alluded to the slaughters since the specific minority bunches the objectives. The structure of the account is implied is to guarantee that worldwide network significantly comprehends levels of shameful acts that were impacted by ethnicity and prejudice and what verifiable awful accidents influenced the two men, ladies and youngsters. Danticat felt that survivors of destructions, for example, Armenian slaughters and others and their sufferings are esteemed are perceived and esteemed as a major aspect of history while Parsley slaughter casualties and their sufferings are not perceived, which is an another type of foul play that they endure. For instance, from the book, the statements Here and there the individuals in the fields, when they're worn out and furious, they state we're a stranded people, he stated, They state we are the Burt muck at the base of the pot. They state a few people don't have a place anyplace and that is us. I state we are a gathering of vwayaje, wayfarers. This is the reason you needed to venture out this far to meet me, since this is the thing that we (Danticat 56) speak to how occasion expands the quantity of vagrants. The creator endeavors to specify slaughters in history to help remember the how a great many individuals used to endure because of unfair reasons. By recounting to the story, the creator focuses on and making attention to the destruction that occurred ever. The passing of Joel and the realities there is no burial service for him speak to the sorts of rates that occurred during massacres referenced ever. The announcements No burial service for Joel, he stated, I needed to cover him in our own territory where he was conceived, I did, however he was too overwhelming to even think about carrying up until now. I covered him where he did in the gorge. I covered him in a field of lemongrass, my child. He brought down his head, letting the tobacco blend drop to his chest. He was one of those kids who developed like weeds in the fields, my child. Didn't require no one or nothing, yet he I'd love his dad. It wasn't ceremonious the manner in which I covered him, I know. No garments, no final re sting place, nothing among him and the dry ground. I needed to give him back to the dirt the manner in which his mom passed him to me on the primary day of his( Danticat 108). This

The Breathing Process Free Essays

The initial phase in the breathing procedure begins with the mind. The mind makes an impression on the stomach, telling it to move. The stomach is a huge vault molded muscle that isolates the chest cavity from the stomach hole and joins to the ribs along the edges and the sternum in the front of the body. We will compose a custom article test on The Breathing Process or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now At the point when the mind advises the stomach to move, it smoothes out, augmenting the thorax of the body, the ribs, and the chest. At the point when the chest extends, it pulls on the lungs, causing a drop in pressure in the lungs contrasted with the weight of the air and air is sucked into the lungs to adjust the weights. There are numerous muscles utilized during the time spent inward breath. The stomach is the most significant. The outer intercostals are outwardly of the ribs, and reach out from rib to rib, in the middle. These muscles help to pull the lower ribs up when the chest is ascending to bring air into the lungs. The levatores costorum are little muscles that stretch out from the vertebrae to the ribs. They likewise help in lifting the ribs upward. The serratus back unrivaled stretch out for the count from the vertebrae to the upper ribs in the back. These muscles additionally help raise the chest. The pectoralis major is the upper chest muscle that fans out from the humerus and additions into the sternum and the clavicle. The pectoralis minor stretches out from the scapula and supplements into the second through fifth ribs. This muscle is likewise fan formed and assists with raising the ribs. The lattissimus dorsi (or â€Å"latts†) is the huge muscle on the back reaching out from the lower vertebrae to the hip bone and from the ribs to the upper arm. This muscle assists with extending the lower some portion of the thorax. The sternocleidomastoid reaches out from the skull to the sternum and clavicle. It assists with pulling the chest upward. The last muscle significant in the demonstration of breathing in is the scalenes, This muscle reaches out from the neck to the first and second ribs and assists with pulling the chest upward. Exhalation: The demonstration of breathing out is practically the specific converse of breathing in. The stomach unwinds and returns into its vault like shape. The ribs, chest, and thorax lower and come back to their normal position. Gravity additionally has an influence in bringing down the chest, ribs, and thorax. The lungs, flexible air sections, and chest divider backlash, and exhalation happens. There are additionally numerous muscles that are engaged with the way toward breathing out. The abs are the essential muscles of exhalation. They pull in a done for movement, assisting with bringing down the chest and agreement the stomach and different muscles. The interior intercostals are within the ribs and reach out between them. They help to pull the ribs descending and internal. The subcostals are likewise within the ribs and expand upward and outward from the lower rib to the higher rib. These muscles likewise help to pull the ribs internal. The serratus back sub-par stretch out up and out from the vertebrae to the four lower ribs and these muscles pull the ribs descending. The quadratus lumborum reaches out from the most minimal rib to the hip bone and grapples the least rib from pull from the stomach. At last, the transversis thoracis expands upward and outward from the lower some portion of the sternum and additions into the second through 6th ribs. This muscle assists with pulling the chest descending. Singing: It is significant in singing to have solid muscles and to utilize the muscles in a right manner to accomplish the most extreme capability of the wind current and of the voice. There are three sorts of breath: Quiet breath, constrained breath, and subglottal pressure. Calm breath is automatic relaxing. It is the kind of breathing that happens at any tranquil state and there is almost no trade of air. Constrained breath is intentional relaxing. It is utilized in hollering, boisterous talking, and singing. It requires dynamic utilization of both the inward breath and exhalation muscles and there is a lot of air traded inside the lungs. Subglottal pressure is presumably the most significant in singing. It is the overpressure of air in the lungs, made by constrained breath. There is constrained wind stream against somewhat shut vocal folds. This kind of breath permits the artist to control wind stream and have a consistent sound. Utilizing right breath control and muscle control will permit a vocalist to accomplish consistent power and sound in their voice. The most effective method to refer to The Breathing Process, Essay models

What You Need To Know About A Presentation College

What You Need To Know About A Presentation CollegeA presentation college is a type of college that is basically for students who want to improve their communication skills and presentation skills. People would not think that a college for this purpose is actually possible, but as they have heard it once can become a reality. One should always be careful in selecting such a college and a professional to choose, but with the right qualification, a good college will help you improve your presentation skills.The purpose of a presentation college is mainly to help the current college students to get information about their professions and to change their presentation skills so that they can appear in the job market. As a result, it will help them to find their field of work and the field they should apply in, which would give them the best opportunities in the career planning. But how can one do this? It is possible if you pick the right college, which means you should always know the req uirements for a presentation college, but the first thing to do is to know what you need from a college to select a university.It is important to have some special skills as this will not just improve your communication skills but will also aid you to know more about the subject matter. There are many colleges that require a certain knowledge about a particular subject, which includes these schools would also help you determine what kind of future you should pursue. However, when it comes to choosing a college, it is important to keep in mind that there are many available for students to choose from and this depends on the ability of the person to select one among them.However, it is important to know that choosing a college has a very long time commitment. Even though a college can improve your skill set, it is still up to you to make the selection. While selecting a school, one should always consider the reputation of the college as it will greatly influence your decision. This is especially true when the college needs a student that can get accepted by different universities because the selection committee will consider the prospective students' resume, interviews and many other things. The next thing to consider is whether you want to contact the college through the college or if you prefer to contact the university directly. While some students prefer to contact the college directly because they do not really trust the faculty, some students prefer the university because they know that the university has their best interest at heart.Contacting the college can be very easy as it will save your time. Just go through the application form and make sure that you fill it completely before you submit it. One should always remember that if a college requires a lot of stuff, then it is very likely that a high percentage of students will fail in getting accepted into the college.Make sure that you fill up all the applications and send them to the college that you h ave selected and then wait for the results. After you get accepted to the college, you can expect an interview with the admissions committee and while they will always try to help you to get admission, it will be up to you to make the selection and get yourself enrolled.

The Chaco Road System - Southwestern Americas Ancient Roads

One of the most fascinating and intriguing aspects of Chaco Canyon is the Chaco Road, a system of roads radiating out from many Anasazi  Great House sites such as Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl and Una Vida, and leading towards small outlier sites and natural features within and beyond the canyon limits. Through satellite images and ground investigations, archaeologists have detected at least eight main roads that together run for more than 180 miles (ca 300 kilometers), and are more than 30 feet (10 meters) wide. These were excavated into a smooth leveled surface in the bedrock or created through the removal of vegetation and soil. The Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) residents of Chaco Canyon cut large ramps and stairways into the cliff rock to connect the roadways on the ridgetops of the canyon to the sites on the valley bottoms. The largest roads, constructed at the same time as many of the Great Houses  (Pueblo II phase between AD 1000 and 1125), are: the Great North Road, the South Road, the Coyote Canyon Road, the Chacra Face Road, Ahshislepah Road, Mexican Springs Road, the West Road and the shorter Pintado-Chaco Road. Simple structures like berms and walls are found sometimes aligned along the courses of the roads. Also, some tracts of the roads lead to natural features such as springs, lakes, mountain tops and pinnacles. The Great North Road The longest and most famous of these roads is the Great North Road. The Great North Road originates from different routes close to Pueblo Bonito and Chetro Ketl. These roads converge at Pueblo Alto and from there lead north beyond the Canyon limits. There are no communities along the roads course, apart from small, isolated structures. The Great North Road does not connect Chacoan communities to other major centers outside the canyon. Also, material evidence of trade along the road is scarce. From a purely functional perspective, the road seems to go nowhere. Purposes of the Chaco Road Archaeological interpretations of the Chaco road system are divided between an economic purpose and a symbolic, ideological role linked to ancestral Puebloan beliefs. The system was first discovered at the end of the 19th century, and first excavated and studied in the 1970s. Archaeologists suggested that the roads main purpose was to transport local and exotic goods inside and outside the canyon. Someone also suggested that these large roads were used to quickly move an army from the canyon to the outlier communities, a purpose similar to the road systems known for the Roman empire. This last scenario has long been discarded because of the lack of any evidence of a permanent army. The economic purpose of the Chaco road system is shown by the presence of luxury items at Pueblo Bonito and elsewhere in the canyon. Items such as macaws, turquoise, marine shells, and imported vessels prove the long distance commercial relations Chaco had with other regions. A further suggestion is that the widespread use of timber in Chacoan constructions--a resource not locally available--needed a large and easy transportation system. Chaco Road Religious Significance Other archaeologists think instead that the main purpose of the road system was a religious one, providing pathways for periodic pilgrimages and facilitating regional gatherings for seasonal ceremonies. Furthermore, considering that some of these roads seem to go nowhere, experts suggest that they can be linked--especially the Great North Road--to astronomical observations, solstice marking, and agricultural cycles. This religious explanation is supported by modern Pueblo beliefs about a North Road leading to their place of origin and along which the spirits of the dead travel. According to modern pueblo people, this road represents the connection to the shipapu, the place of emergence of the ancestors. During their journey from the shipapu to the world of the living, the spirits stop along the road and eat the food left for them by the living. What Archaeology tells us About the Chaco Road Astronomy certainly played an important role in Chaco culture, as it is visible in the north-south axis alignment of many ceremonial structures. The main buildings at Pueblo Bonito, for example, are arranged according to this direction and probably served as central places for ceremonial journeys across the landscape. Sparse concentrations of ceramic fragments along the North Road have been related to some sort of ritual activities carried out along the roadway. Isolated structures located on the roadsides as well as on top of the canyon cliffs and ridge crests have been interpreted as shrines related to these activities. Finally, features such as long linear grooves were cut into the bedrock along certain roads which dont seem to point to a specific direction. It has been proposed that these were part of pilgrimage paths followed during ritual ceremonies. Archaeologists agree that the purpose of this road system may have changed through time and that the Chaco Road system probably functioned for both economic and ideological reasons. Its significance for archaeology lies in the possibility to understand the rich and sophisticated cultural expression of ancestral Puebloan societies. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Anasazi (Ancestral Puebloan) Culture, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Cordell, Linda 1997 The Archaeology of the Southwest. Second Edition. Academic Press Soafer Anna, Michael P. Marshall and Rolf M. Sinclair 1989 The great North Road: a cosmographic expression of the Chaco culture of New Mexico. In World Archaeoastronomy, edited by Anthony Aveni, Oxford University Press. pp: 365-376 Vivian, R. Gwinn and Bruce Hilpert 2002 The Chaco Handbook. An Encyclopedic Guide. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Economic Policies Implemented During President Reagans...

Reaganomics refers to economic policies implemented during President Reagan’s administration from 1981-1989. The main ideology of Reaganomics was conservation which promoted that â€Å"government is the problem, not solution†. That means, society and market would function better with limited government power and regulations. Accordingly, Social wealth was distributed by unrestricted market, and profits that capitalists earned would trickle down to the bottom of society. In this way, people were in charge of improving their lives instead of relying on the aid of government. In order to recover from the economic crisis occurred between 1981and1982, the major Reaganomics objectives was to reduce government intervention in business and social aids. The policies were specified as marginal tax cut, tightening money supply, reducing social welfare programs and regulations. Generally, Reaganomics that impact citizens the most would be tax cut, reducing welfares and regulations. First of all, the marginal tax cut was one of the most significant policy in the governing of President Reagan. Starting from 1981, government reduced individual tax (the top tax rate was reduced from 70% to 50 %) and Windfall profit tax. As the Tax reform act of 1986 published, the tax rate of wealthiest Americans was decline to 28 % and corporation tax was decreased to 34%.† In addition, as marginal tax rate for wealthy people decreasing, personal exemption amount increased from $1,080 to $2,000. That means,Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Reagan Tax Cuts And Foreign Policy1376 Words   |  6 PagesCuts and Foreign Policy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the 1980s President Ronald Reagans (our 40th president from 1981 to 1989) domestic policy of a substantial tax cut led to greatly increased economic prosperity for our country. During Reagans administration marked changes were made to the tax code and economic statistics showed a major change for the better. 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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Question: Discuss about the Autism Spectrum Disorder. Answer: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder associated with language and cognitive problem like impaired social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech impairment and challenges in non-verbal communication. The different range of problems under ASD is caused by genetic and environmental influences. The symptoms of autism can be detected between 2 and 3 years. It is necessary to screen and diagnose early to provide necessary intervention to children as soon as possible (Lord et al., 2013). The essay provides an overview of the epidemiology of the developmental disability, common challenges associated with the disorder and known and hypothesized cause of ASD. It particularly describes one therapeutic approach needed to address the disorder and evaluates the effectiveness of the approach by means of critical appraisal of two research articles on the therapeutic approach. In terms of the epidemiology of the ASD in Canada, it is the fastest growing neurological disorder in the country and one in every sixty eight children are currently being diagnosed with ASD. The prevalence of the disease has increased considerably in the last 10 years. The disorder is common in all groups and it is 4 times more common in males than in females (Autism Speaks Canada, 2017).The common characteristics of ASD include difficulties in social interaction, communication, behavior and sensory response. Unusual behavior is seen mainly due to the difficulties in responding to the environment or heightened sensitivity to any stimulus. This leads to unusual behavioral symptoms like repetitive body movement (example-hand flapping), repetitively using certain objects, strictly sticking to same routines, strange sensory interest and avoidance of everyday sounds and certain textures (Harms et al., 2010). The challenges in social interaction is seen as people with ASD fail to maintain relationship and respond to non-verbal forms of communication such as facial expressions, emotions and physical gestures. They fail to interpret needs of others and this impairs their ability enjoy and share interest with others. Another challenging symptoms affected people with autism include delay in language development, initiating and sustaining conversation and repeatedly using certain words or phrases. The degree of speech impairment varies from person to person and those who can speak uses language in unusual ways (Christensen, 2016). The above mentioned challenges in behavioral and social response is seen in people with ASD as a result of genetic predisposition, environmental factors and other unknown factors. The research into the cause of autism reveals inheriting certain genes from parents makes a child more vulnerable to developing ASD (Lichtenstein et al., 2010). Secondly, along with genetic vulnerability to ASD, the risk of developing the condition increases when a person is exposed to specific environmental triggers such as air pollution, heavy metal, born prematurely or exposed in the womb to alcohol and certain medications (Herbert 2010). Other clinical conditions also increases the risk of developing ASD such as muscular dystrophy, Downs syndrome, cerebral palsy and certain rare genetic disorders (Lichtenstein et al., 2010). ASD is a persistent neuro-developmental disorder leading to mild to severe symptoms ad intra-individual variability over time and different context. The neurodevelopmental disorder also leads to poor intellectual functioning and maladaptive behavior in affected person. Co-occurring mental disorder seen in people with autism includes anxiety disorder, depression and attention deficit disorder. They are found to have symptoms of anxiety, mental distress and nervousness. Hence, high level of co-occurring psychiatric problem and emotional disorder is high in patients with ASD and there remains a conceptual challenges in diagnosing and measuring the the problem. In order to treat such mental health disorder, medications or behavioral therapy is needed to control their behavior and reduce the chance of worsening the symptoms (Ozsivadjian, Hibberd, Hollocks, 2014). The research into common behavioral problems seen in children with ASD revealed high rate of sleep, toileting and eating diifi culty, self-injury and sensory related problems. Along with this, frequency of anxiety and aggression is seen irrespective of age and ability of children (Maskey et al., 2013). Intellectual disability is seen in almost 50% of children with ASD, which is associated with behavioral and mental problems. There is a need to observe the function of mental health services and see how they are involved in addressing the characteristics of poor physical functioning, present symptoms and psychosocial problem in affected person (Salomone et al., 2014). Approach to treating the disorder There are many treatment options for addressing behavioral or mental problem in patients with ASD. To address behavioral problems such as develop childrens communication and social skills, behavioral interventions may help to reduce the severity of symptoms. There are many behavioral therapies for treating children with ASD. This may include Applied Behavior Analysis and Pivotal Response Training (Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Minshew, Eack, 2014). Another important and powerful approach to treating children and adults with ASD is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is a behavioral intervention based on the science of behavior and it takes into account the thought and feelings about people that result in usual behavior in an individual. It is a structure goal-directed approach based on specific plan and sessions for affected individual. It is particularly used to treat clinical manifestations of anxiety and cognitive impairment in people with ASD. The anxiety level is high due to poor res ponse to social interaction and social situations. Although the intervention is not specifically for ASD population, however it is increasingly being used now to improve depressive symptoms, social skills and activity level in ASD people (Weitlauf et al., 2014). A research by Storch et al., (2013) evaluated the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for addressing anxiety in children with ASD compared to normal treatment. It was a randomized controlled trial in which 45 children (between 7 and 11 years) with high ASD severity were randomized to receive either the CBT or normal treatment for similar period of time. This study was considered important because of the lack of empirically supported interventions for treating anxiety in people with ASD. There are many studies done on the efficacy of psychosocial and pharmacological interventions, however treatment approaches for addressing anxiety has not been addressed in research studies. There is practice recommendation to use CBT in developing children, hence the aim of the research was to evaluate whether CBT can lead too reductions in AST symptoms compared to normal treatment options. The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS) was used to measure the degree of impairment or distress in patient and 11 session of CBT was provided to develop coping skills and treat feared stimuli in participant. The 3-months follow-up of continuous outcome in both group revealed positive results for CBT compared to normal treatment in all outcome measures. However, some of the weakness seen in the study is the use of modest sample size and lack of evaluation of treatment mediators and moderators. Secondly, the time constraints in research may lead to insufficient evaluation of long-term treatment maintenance. Despite the limitation, the study finding is important as it highlights the efficacy of CBT. Hence, CBT can be developed for ASD group considering that there is no pharmacological treatments have met the criteria for efficacy. Another research study evaluated the efficacy of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) for young children with autism. EIBI utilizes the principal of operant learning to address language and social interaction skills deficits in children with ASD. As mixed outcome has been reported for this intervention in ASD population and there efficacy of the intervention was not clear for all outcome measures. Hence, this study is important as it evaluates the outcome of the intervention in all aspects such as verbal performance, intellectual development and adaptive behavior in ASD people. The systematic review of outcome seen after EIBI program revealed that the participants receiving EIBI intervention outperformed control group in all levels. Improvement was seen in EIBI groups in verbal IQs, expressive language, daily living skills, socialization skills, adaptive behavior skills and communication skills (Peters-Scheffer et al., 2011). Therefore, the study contribute to the limitatio ns found in other studies and effectively demonstrates the efficacy of the intervention in all outcome measures of ASD. However, some limitation found in the meta-analysis is that considerable was seen in the intensity of treatment and participants group. Hence, in order to enhance the rigor of the study, it is necessary that future studies concentrate on child characteristics at the start of treatment to related it to treatment outcome. The essay summarized the epidemiology of ASD in Canada as well as globally. Certain genetic and environmental risk factors are associated with great behavioral, mental and social problem in people with ASD. In order to enhance the ability of children and adults in living with ASD, development of cognitive skills, adaptive behavior and communication skill is necessary. Apart from pharmacological intervention, different types of behavioral interventions and therapy have the potential to develop coping skills of ASD patients and promote development of skills to better manage their developmental disorder and disability. In future, potential behavioral intervention may be strengthened as by means of planning strategies needed to improve outcome in people with varying degree of severe symptoms. This will help promote integrity of treatment and promote cognitive development of people with ASD. Reference Autism Speaks Canada. (2017).Autismspeaks.ca. Retrieved 5 April 2017, from https://www.autismspeaks.ca/about-autism/facts-and-faqs/ Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L., Minshew, N. J., Eack, S. M. (2014). A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders. InAdolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders(pp. 315-327). Springer New York. Christensen, D. L. (2016). Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 yearsautism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2012.MMWR. Surveillance Summaries,65. Harms, M. B., Martin, A., Wallace, G. L. (2010). Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies.Neuropsychology review,20(3), 290-322. Herbert, M. R. (2010). Contributions of the environment and environmentally vulnerable physiology to autism spectrum disorders.Current opinion in neurology,23(2), 103-110. Lichtenstein, P., Carlstrm, E., Rstam, M., Gillberg, C., Anckarster, H. (2010). The genetics of autism spectrum disorders and related neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood.American Journal of Psychiatry,167(11), 1357-1363. Lord, C., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., Amaral, D. G. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders.Autism: The Science of Mental Health,28(2), 217. Maskey, M., Warnell, F., Parr, J. R., Le Couteur, A., McConachie, H. (2013). Emotional and behavioural problems in children with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,43(4), 851-859. Ozsivadjian, A., Hibberd, C., Hollocks, M. J. (2014). Brief report: the use of self-report measures in young people with autism spectrum disorder to access symptoms of anxiety, depression and negative thoughts.Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders,44(4), 969-974. Peters-Scheffer, N., Didden, R., Korzilius, H., Sturmey, P. (2011). A meta-analytic study on the effectiveness of comprehensive ABA-based early intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorders.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,5(1), 60-69. Salomone, E., Kutlu, B., Derbyshire, K., McCloy, C., Hastings, R. P., Howlin, P., Charman, T. (2014). Emotional and behavioural problems in children and young people with autism spectrum disorder in specialist autism schools.Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders,8(6), 661-668. Storch, E. A., Arnold, E. B., Lewin, A. B., Nadeau, J. M., Jones, A. M., De Nadai, A. S., ... Murphy, T. K. (2013). The effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy versus treatment as usual for anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized, controlled trial.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,52(2), 132-142. Weitlauf, A. S., McPheeters, M. L., Peters, B., Sathe, N., Travis, R., Aiello, R., ... Warren, Z. (2014). Therapies for children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder Question: Discuss about theAutism Spectrum Disorder. Answer: Introduction The term autism is derived from the Greek word autos meaning self. Precisely speaking, autism is a neurobehavioral and neuropsychological disorder covering a wide range of symptoms and impairments, and is so called Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Lauritsen, 2013). However, autistic patients may have unexpectedly developed skills such as singing songs, playing music, solving mathematical puzzles and few more even in above-average range. ASD is usually noticeable within three years of age. Disorders observed in ASD are also called pervasive developmental disorders. Autism has been categorized under DSM IV or fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (Volkmar et al., 2014). Autistic people show inadequacy in social communication and show repetitive behaviors. ASD is linked to neural development and genetics thus showing abnormality in brain development and development of Central Nervous System (CNS). This lifelong disability is diagnosed mainly by observing abnormal behaviors. Autism may be mild or severe depending upon its severity. Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex neurobehavioral syndrome in children showing deficiency in certain key areas such as non-verbal and verbal communication, imaginative play as well as social interactions and awareness. Some autistic children even shows repetitive and stereotyped bodily movements like flapping hands or rocking. Affected ones show resistance to alteration in their daily routines, self-injurious or aggressive behaviors and respond unusually to people. People with ASD show cognitive impairment to a certain extent but show exceptional skill development in few areas. Brain-behavior connection has been established by the neuropsychological theories. The cognitive theories of Central Coherence, Executive Function and Mind have also helped in establishing the same (Volkmar et al., 2014). Some of the children affected by ASD develop seizures early while some may not develop the same until adolescence. Under the roof of ASD there are a number of disorders namely: Autistic Disorder: People with autism face problems in communication and social interaction. Aspergers Syndrome: These people have very little problem with language and score generally above-average range upon intelligence test but have problems in social communication. PDD or Stypical Autism: Children falling under this category (a type of catch-all category) show some of the autistic behaviors but not all and do not fall under other categories. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder: Children with this extremely rare disorder show normal development till about two years but majority of their communication and social skills are lost after that (Lauritsen, 2013). The estimated prevalence of ASD according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) was 14.9 per 1000 children in 2015. The rates have been increasing steadily. From the reports it has been seen that prevalence among males (18.5 per 1000) is higher than in females (4.5 per 1000). Earlier diagnosis has shown fruitful results in improvement of the condition of the child with ASD. CDC study also found that prevalence in white non-Hispanic children was 12 per 1000, 10.4 per 1000 among black non-Hispanic ones and 8 per 1000 among Hispanic children (Kim et al., 2014). No exact risk factors for ASD have however been found. The particular areas of deficiency may vary in individuals, but the common neuropsychological deficits observed in ASD are: Impairment in interaction and communication with the society such as eye contact, bodily postures, lack of attachment with the society, lack of development in speech and language, lack of proper cognitive development, failure in development of peer relationship, lack of emotional reciprocity and few others (Schriber, Robins Solomon, 2014). Most children having ASD show specific gestures to communicate with near ones.Some of the children with ASD also exhibit echolalia or repeating words of other people. According to Baron-Cohen people with ASD exhibit mind-blindness that is they are unable to read others mental condition or intentions relating to the situations as normal people do (Schriber, Robins Solomon, 2014). People with ASD also exhibit deficiency in joint-attention such as difficulty in social orientation, restriction in communicative functions and few more. They also meet feeding and sensory challenges such as variation in responses to environmental or social stimuli as well as rejection or acceptance of food based on its presentation style (Schriber, Robins Solomon, 2014). Deficiency in regulation of behavior and emotions includes difficulty in sleeping, crying-laughing or showing aggression or anger in improper times and many others similar to these. The neuro-anatomical changes in people with ASD include differential development of brain (cortical volume- CV and cortical thickness- CT) at different ages. Dysmaturation of CV extends till adulthood affecting brain regions necessary for language development and social cognition. It is compelled by dysmaturation of CT (Eilam-Stock et al., 2016). It may reflect basic abnormalities in plasticity of cortex and subordinate abnormalities in interactions between ASD affected individuals with their environment. Neuropathology refers to the study of diseases of the tissues of the nervous system either by surgical biopsies or by whole-body autopsies. Gross neuropathology deals with the morphological abnormalities observed in the brains of the ones affected with ASD. Neuropathology has also revealed that ASD affected ones have approximately 67% more neurons in comparison to controls. It has also identified the existence of supernumerary neurons due to abnormality in migration or failure of apoptosis (Chen et al., 2015). Epidemiology of ASD refers to the study of factors affecting ASD. Genetic epidemiology has provided evidences that about 12-15% ASD cases have chromosomal abnormality, Mendelian condition or other syndromes. Pre-natal risk factors include bleeding and use of psychiatric drugs by women during pregnancy, advanced age of parents, diabetes. It may also happen due to obesity or low-weight during pregnancy (Hill, Zuckerman Fombonne, 2015). Also hospitalization of women during pregnancy due to psychiatric disorder may result in ASD in children. No medication can completely cure ASD but can help patients to function better like managing seizures or depressions. Medicines do not affect all individuals to the same extent. Progression of the ASD affected ones should be monitored closely for maintenance of better physical and mental health. Early intervention can improve the condition of a child with ASD. However besides medication communication and behavior approaches, dietary approaches, auditory training, vitamin therapy, discrete trial training and few more can give better results in improving the conditions of the ASD affected ones (Bishop-Fitzpatrick, Minshew Eack, 2014). ASD is a lifelong disorder that cannot be cured completely. Only betterment of lifestyle can be made. ASD affected ones generally require both mental and physical care to execute the functions of their daily lives. Actual cause has not yet been discovered but researches are going on. Over the time its prevalence has markedly risen. ASD affected ones generally gain excellence in specific skills and so they should be encouraged to enhance that skill. The society and the family along with the neuro-pathologists and the psychiatrists should come up to help them lead a normal and better life. References: Bishop-Fitzpatrick, L., Minshew, N. J., Eack, S. M. (2014). A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for adults with autism spectrum disorders. InAdolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorders(pp. 315-327). Springer New York. Chen, J. A., Peagarikano, O., Belgard, T. G., Swarup, V., Geschwind, D. H. (2015). The emerging picture of autism spectrum disorder: genetics and pathology.Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease,10, 111-144. Eilam-Stock, T., Wu, T., Spagna, A., Egan, L. J., Fan, J. (2016). Neuroanatomical alterations in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in Neuroscience,10. Hill, A. P., Zuckerman, K., Fombonne, E. (2015). Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders. InTranslational Approaches to Autism Spectrum Disorder(pp. 13-38). Springer International Publishing. Kim, Y. S., Fombonne, E., Koh, Y. J., Kim, S. J., Cheon, K. A., Leventhal, B. L. (2014). A comparison of DSM-IV pervasive developmental disorder and DSM-5 autism spectrum disorder prevalence in an epidemiologic sample.Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry,53(5), 500-508. Lauritsen, M. B. (2013). Autism spectrum disorders.European child adolescent psychiatry,22(1), 37-42. Schriber, R. A., Robins, R. W., Solomon, M. (2014). Personality and self-insight in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.Journal of personality and social psychology,106(1), 112. Volkmar, F., Rogers, S., Paul, R., Pelphrey, K. A. (2014). Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders.

The Impact of Hip Hop an Example by

The Impact of Hip Hop by Expert Briangeniuss-PhD | 28 Dec 2016 An article entitled Hip Hop and Its Wrong Identity writes about how 'hip-hop will remain as the leader of today's popular culture'. Because of this, knowing its impact on listeners is important. Measuring the effect of hip hop among the youth is a very broad topic. But through the effective designation of different questions applied in the research, there was a chance that the act of measuring the impact of hip hop among the youth can be done by breaking down hip hop through the different present social and personal life stratas to where it has managed to hold ground. These personal and social layers are the following: Hip hop and the Inpidual personality impact, Hip Hop and the Social Impact, Hip Hop and the Environment and Hip Hop and Its By-Product Stereotypes. Need essay sample on "The Impact of Hip Hop" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Hip Hop and Inpidual Personality Impact Hip hop is a state of being (Leslie, 2007), and the respondents' answers show that people have very varied reactions to the effect of hip hop in a personal level. The study showed that amongst the designated respondents of the study, 100 percent of the male respondents admitted that the glamorization of sex in rap music created a pressure on the respondent and to his peers to have sex. Among the three female respondents, two yielded the same answer similar to the yes answer of male respondents. One of the female respondents noted that every time a movie, commercial, music video, or song comes on, something about sex is most likely present. Sex is depicted as the ultimate pleasure, so one is bound to get curious. Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my boyfriend Essay writers recommend: Here Is Your Life Vest! Essay Helper Students Professional Writer For Hire Online Assignment Help Cheap Writing Services One respondent, a female interviewee, said replied 'not at all' when asked whether hip hop produces a certain kind of pressure to have sex. While the answers of the respondents on the influence of hip hop on the youth engaging in sex, the manner by which they responded to the query on hip hop and drugs and violence leaves a lot of gray areas; it was an avenue not clearly defined by mere yes and no answers as respondents took time to pen out their sentiments on what is considered as a very strong and noticeable feature of hip hop. One respondent noted how she feels deeply saddened and very angry that these rappers think it is okay to promote that type of lifestyle to our people, who are already out there killing each other even as another respondent noted how it is unnecessary to do it as excessively as they do while another respondent expressed concern, saying that they should do this because some youth do not know how to differentiate reality from tv. They see these rappers with all this money and they look so happy promoting drugs and violence. So the youth may begin to think that this is how one goes about attaining happiness. Other respondents tried to look at the brandishing of hip hop of drugs and violence on a deeper, psychological perspective, as one respondent noted how hip hop artists maybe just putting on a front because half of them probably grew up in drug free, positive environments while another respondent provided a more cognitive insight, marketing and business-wise: They know that that sort of thing sells well so they talk about it. But it was not a resounding 100 percent as the study yielded the presence of apathy among the respondents. One of the respondents considers the rappers promotion of the use of the drugs and violence in their song and videos as something that the respondent 'can care less' because it doesnt affect me. Hip Hop and the Social Impact The most noticeable contribution of modern rap and hip hop, which has permeated popular culture (Reese, 1998), to the society is the persistence of hurtful, derogative and insulting terms that, sadly, insults, belittles and humiliates the same set of people that gave hip hop the opportunity to blossom as a majority musical genre. African American and other black artists understand that most of their listeners are of the same genealogy and yet terms referring to black inpiduals continue to be pervasive, calling them niggers, hoes (a corruption of the term 'whores') and bitches. Despite the fact that more than half of the respondents are women, the answer towards the use of degrading terms to refer to women in hip hop songs elicited a variety of reactions from the respondents. One believes that all women should not be considered as either a whore or a bitch while another respondent said that 'it is only offensive to women in a certain category'. I do think that it is very unnecessary to refer to women in that way because I dont consider myself either. So if you act the way they are talking about you should be offended by it. Some of the respondents feel offended and angry' while another respondent consider it a degrading term. A female respondent noted how she takes the n word to mean an ignorant African-American who does not have a mind of his/her own and doesnt have the ability to amount to anything while the other female respondent said that she does not like when I hear the n word because it was a term that our oppressors used and now we are using the term ourselves. But what can be considered as either more alarming or as a sign of apathy is the fact that majority of the respondents are hardly affected by the use of the 'n' word. One respondent noted how it means...nothing because it has become so prevalent in todays society that Ive come to ignore it, the same outlook of another respondent who heard it so much that it just another word to him. One of the respondents has a more complex take on the issue: I dont really think about it too much unless I am around other races when it is playing. I interpret the word in songs as just a word they use to refer to other people. If the song is not sung by a black person, I would be offended. As varied as the respondents' answers to the use of n word was the outcome of the respondents collective belief about the impact of government censorship in music, noting how some do not believe that controlling the use of the n word can lower violence in the urban communities. One respondent said that it is all a scheme to place blame. That is where they get their satisfaction while another points out to the fact that even with radio censorship, you still have movies and TV to worry about. Still, some of the respondents are optimistic of the positive impact of government censorship of the n word; 'it may decreaseits hard to say. Life imitates art and art imitates life. Hip Hop and the Environment Majority of the respondents believe that the environment that they grew in determine their lifestyles. One respondent expounded why: I grew up in a pretty nice neighborhood in Detroit. Most of the people that I am/was around were either at or above my socioeconomic level. Therefore, I thought that this lifestyle was the normworking parents, adequate money, vacations at least once a year, literate, and things of that nature. As I got older, I realized that that wasnt the case. For instance, Detroit has a very high level of illiteracy. In addition, drugs arent anything that appeals to me but there are many people my age who take drugs. Since I was raised around people who knew that they didnt need drugs and I was informed of the harmful effects of drugs, I dont have a desire to do drugs. Again, it did not yield a unanimous answer since not everyone agreed on the given premise. But environment is not just an issue about the listeners and how it impacts them; the research also noticed the persistence of repetitive themes based on environment issues like thugs, neighborhood violence and the absence or shortness of social control. Three of the respondents pointed out the refusal of rappers to grow up, saying that they still have a hood mentality. There has been no inward change; all that has changed is their outward appearance, while the other reasoned that nothing really changes and the old rappers still living in the past and if they stop rapping the way they do they will be called (sic) abandoners of there community, they will be told they forgot where they came from. The third respondent who shared the majority opinion said that they dont want to seem like a sell-out. They dont want people to think that they forgot where they came from. In addition, its probably the only thing that they know so it is hard to make that transition from hood to sophisticated. A respondent, however, point out to business reasons, saying that the attitude is called 'profit'. Its what makes his money so he knows his audience will purchase his work. Money rules everything. The respondents were not unanimous as well in answering the question Do you think that hip-hop music has the same affects on kids outside of America? Some said no, owing to the fact that 'we dont hear about it here' and that ' they probably believe that stuff only happen in America while one said yes I have been to other countries and if they have access to some kind of media, they are very westernized. They know who all the big artists are over here. The respondents belief in the effect of hip-hop music in white suburbia and its similarity in the inner cites is more united with a resounding no. Respondents believe that there are many reasons why the government is still at odds with hip hop generally. One respondents reason was this: Because hip-hop encouraged black people to join together for a common goal. The government knows how powerful we can be if we united together for a positive change, that is why they didnt like hip- hop, while another one said that 'because most people attribute hip-hop to black people and the government wants to do anything to keep us oppressed. One respondent has a more insightful comment: I think that the governments problem is because some rappers talk about more political things and not just doing drugs and having sex. They dont like people doing that because it gets listeners thinking about it. Hip hop and Its By-Product Stereotypes Hip Hop is one of the most controversial categories of music (WriterzBlock, 2006), and the media chronicles the high end lifestyle of rappers and hip hop artists. But some respondents believe that while they are capable of earning that much money, most of them do not know how to use it. As commented by one of the respondents, ' There are stereotypes that say that black rappers are ignorant when it comes to spending money. For instance, they spend their money on depreciating material goods oppose to investing wisely. They were so much (too much) jewelry, over priced clothing and accessories just to say that they can afford it. But you never here them talking about investing in stock or savings bonds or things that appreciate over the years'. Another respondent noted how they but large mansions that they hardly have time to live in, but they dont donate money to worthy causes. One respondent, however, considered this particular stereotype as not true at all. But money spending is not just the only stereotype that this particular musical genre created; it also created the hip hop and rap stereotype. When asked what the difference between rap and hip-hop music is, one respondent said I really dont know, but if I had to guess I would say Rap is the nonsense music that we hear on the radio today. Basically music with no meaning, and hip-hop is a movement/genre of music with a purpose, positive meaning and meant to better people not degrade them while another opined that rap is driven more from that inpiduals environment. Hip Hop geared more toward having a good time. One respondent said that 'rap is more of the cursing type and dissing but hip-hop is like a new generation of R while another one said rap is just a style, hip-hop is a culture. The fifth respondent was plain honest and ignorant, saying I dont remember. Conclusion The study was undertaken with the objective of identifying whether the hypothesis presented was correct or not, that hip-hop music most likely has taken a negative effect on todays youth because of the lack of education of the youth who are listening to hip hop music, the absence of sufficient guidance that can empower the upholding of correct morals, principles and values, the lack of family stability and the persistence and existence of violence in the cities where hip hop is prevalent and influential. The result of the survey indicated that neither was the hypothesis completely correct nor was it completely incorrect. This is because, as the study shows, the impact of hip hop differs from one person to another and differs in the level by which it touches and influences a listener. The replies of the respondents to the questionnaire was varied, and the absence of uniform answers to the questions which tried to tie hip hop and the youth into one standardized listener stereotype did not manifest at all because, as the study shows, there are other factors that either balances out the perceived negative impact of hip hop or puts hip hop and its components in an entirely different context. The study also revealed that there is a need for further research because there are still many things that the study did not discuss because the influence of Hip Hop on American culture grows stronger every year (Hip Hop Film Festival). References: Smith, E. (2004). Hip-Hop as Culture. Youth Specialties. Retrieved November 5, 2007. Free Essays (2003). Influence of Hip-Hop. Retrieved November 5, 2007 Herald Sun. Muslim Hip Hop Group Raps Against Drugs. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.hiphoplinguistics.com/blog/?p=507 Hip Hop Film Festival (2006). Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://www.hiphopfilmfestival.com/ Leslie. 2007). Hip Hop: What is it All About? My Sistahs. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://www.mysistahs.org/features/about_hiphop.htm Marin, I. (2005). The Effect of Wearing Hip Hop Clothes. EzineArticles. Retrieved November 06, 2007, from http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Effect-of-Wearing-Hip-Hop Clothes&id=100359 Reese, R. (1998). From the Fringe: The Hip Hop Culture and Ethnic Relations. Far West and Popular Culture Conference. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.csupomona.edu/~rrreese/HIPHOP.HTML University of Louisville (2007). Hip Hop and Its Wrong Identit. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://louisville.edu/~jjtrox01/research1.html WriterzBlock. (2006). African American Art: Influence of Hip Hop in the Community. How Much of an Influence Does it Have. Retrieved November 6, 2007, from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/54412/african_american_art_influence_ of_hip.html

Social Justice essays

Social Justice essays In this section, we studied Doing Faithjustice by Fred Kammer, S.J. Through this article, we have learned the definition of justice as well as how to approach injustice as a Catholic Christian. Kammer explains that our world is inevitable structured in order to attempt to make life easier. However, sometimes these structures are organized in such a way that people are hurt (physically, economically, emotionally, etc.). Working for justice, he says, is formulating a plan to reform or remove these structures, and then executing this plan. Our previous studies of the Gospel of Luke explain to us the extent to which we should work at achieving this justice. Jesus devoted his life to the reform of the immoral aspects of his society, and expects us to do them same, despite any hardships. Jesus said, You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers...You will be hated by all because of my name... Based on our studies of both the Gospel according to Luke and Fred Kammers Doing Faithjustice, we can narrow the Catholic Christian definition of justice into a concise statement. Justice is, upon the analysis of our society, the correction of the structures (people, places, processes) deemed immoral. According to Kammer, this correction must be achieved through a structured as well as personal response to the systems that are not working well. The Gospel according to Luke teaches the importance of this response action through the example of Jesus. Through the integration of our knowledge and our faith as our inspiration, we are called to act against any opposition to our definition of justice. ...

Market research in another country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market research in another country - Essay Example Inside Edge feels Russia is an ideal market for its new product offering. The average temperature throughout the year in Russia is 39 degrees Fahrenheit (Climatetemps.com,  2012). The warmest it gets on average is 75 degrees Fahrenheit, proving to be one of the colder countries on the planet (Climatetemps.com,  2012). These temperatures alone justify Inside Edge’s entry into the Russian Flooring market similar to Can-A-Floor’s home market of Canada (hence the name). According to  "Global Research & Data Services"  (2013),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Russian demand for flooring has been growing strongly with an average growth of 10.6% per year between 2002 and 2008. The situation in the market seems to be rather attractive for foreign flooring companies as the growth is predicted to continue in the following years (Global Research & Data Services, 2013). Because Russians see flooring as a way of establishing a comfortable living, the demand for these products is expected to contin ue to increase through 2015 (Marketresearch.com, 2013). This encouraging trend and high demand justifies the entry into the flooring market for any flooring manufacturer. Can-A-Floor is an engineered floating floor, similar in concept and design to a laminate, but with a heating element built in. Currently the most popular types of flooring in Russia are laminate and hardwood (Marketresearch.com, 2013). With Laminate being one of the top two popular flooring materials in the Russian market, Inside Edge can easily justify entering the market with its Can-A-Floor. Russia also is experiencing a declining unemployment rate along with a rising demand for new housing with its expanding middle-class (Marketresearch.com, 2013). The flooring market in Russia is on the rise with a trending increase in demand for all flooring products, home ownership on the rise, and unemployment slowing. These facts show the sustainability of the market while justifying Inside Edge’s entry into the market. Our

Collegiate Promotions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collegiate Promotions - Essay Example These representatives get paid according to the number of products sold. Unlike individuals employed directly for a wholesaler or a manufacturer, the collegiate promotion representatives are compensated strictly on commission basis. In addition, the company never reimburses their expenses such as those spent on entertaining of customers, transport costs and meals. This enables the company to cut on its operational costs and maximizing on its profits (â€Å"Career Information†). Alternatively, a company may have a perfect compensation plan but not achieve the amount of targeted sales. For instance, if the sales manager does not adequately instruct the sales representative on how to carry the duties you are paying them for, then the results can be devastating. It is essential to develop a business structure that supports the behaviors of the salespersons in the reinforced compensation plan. It is also likely that individuals in sales and marketing teams may not meet the job†™s vigorous demand despite their adequate product knowledge. In addition, direct salespersons may not be able to cope with the challenges in the market such as constant rejections or the necessity of creating relationships that are positive with everyone. In addition, the marketing team may shy away from the responsibility of managing their time effectively and the need to learn more about their customers’ domain continuously (Kahle, 2007). These are some of the challenges faced by the company despite their effective and efficient compensation plans. Reasons why a Sale Representative Is Willing To Sell At both the Top and the Bottom Range of a Price The sales representatives are willing to sell at both levels of prices because of various factors. For instance, competition in the market and demand of the product affects the price of the product. Bottom range pricing often occurs when the demand of the product is low and competition is tough. As a result, the sales representa tive has got no choice but to dispose the product at the lowest cost set by the company he is working for. When the product demand is high, he has to set a higher price so that he can get enough commission to cater for the expenses incurred during the product promotion. Predicting Whether the Sales Are Made At the Bottom or Top Range of Possible Prices The sales at the bottom range are often lower than those at top range. This is because the size of the swing is often determined by price levels in the market. The markets operating with higher prices have broad swings compared to those operating at lower prices. It is paramount that, stops be located at I, 2 or 3 price units below or above the swing tops and bottoms. For instance, when a market operates at low level historically, then a stop needs to be near the swing bottom or top than when the market is historically operating at levels that are high(James, 2001). How lack of geographically protected areas affect the behaviour of a sales person A product often corresponds to a geographical position such as a country, region or a town. This clearly indicates the product reputation within a specific geographical location. The product or service often enjoys a unique

Trickster Tale Essay Example for Free

Trickster Tale Essay In ancient India, there used too live a Bengal tiger in the jungle of Sundarban. He was the king of the jungle. He was very cruel and used to treat his animals harshly. Once he ordered that he would not go for hunting and assigned duties to animals to provide him large quantities of hunted meat bring hunting meat on daily basis. One day, it was the turn of one rabbits, Harry, to bring hunted meat for him. He was very disappointed when his fellow, John, met him in the way. John was blessed with certain supernatural power, the power of prophesy and to see the past events. He was very sharp minded also. Due to his excessive pride in his supernatural powers and intelligence, he desired to become the king of the jungle. He used to intermingle with other animals at parties occasionally and used to propagandize against king. But his desire only remained a dream. John saw Harry as worried and gloomy. He asked the cause of his gloominess. Harry replied; ‘em! Nothing’, ‘Then why are you worried’, said John. ‘Hoon, but you can not help me’. John insisted and Harry told, â€Å"I have to hunt for king today but being a meager creature, I can not hunt an animal to provide meat to the king.†   John mocked him and said ironically, â€Å"Kill hundred thousands of ants and insects, make mince meat of them and provide that to the king. Ask him that you killed an elephant for him†. Harry started moving when John said, â€Å"Listen†¦I have an idea.† Harry turned and John said, â€Å"Leave the matter to me and I will go to the king in your place. Go and hide yourself somewhere.† They leave and John went to the King empty-handed. When King enquired what he has brought for him. He started weeping and crying. King thought that due to his little stature, he was unable to hunt. King started laughing at him and said, â€Å"Not to get worry†¦Not to get worry†¦.I am going to have your own meat for my dinner†. Harry stopped weeping and said to King, â€Å"I killed a 2000 KG elephant for you but transportation was a problem. And when I arranged that, another Lion came in the way and warned me that it is for him. I was left with no option †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..I came empty handed.† King became furious at this and asked him to lead that way. John led the king to the well and asked him that other lion lived in this well. When King looked down in the well, he saw his own reflection in the water of the well. He took it as the other lion. As he was furious, he jumped into the well and drowned. He started shouting aloud. When other animals gathered around him, He said that Harry has thrown king into the well and has escaped. He further informed that while King was taking his last breathe, he appointed him the new king. By using his supernatural power, he showed animals where Harry was hiding. Furious animals went there and killed Harry without seeking explanation. John was appointed king. Although his lust for power and wealth was unlimited but he did not harmed his animals. He served his animals by using his intelligence and supernatural powers. One day, Powell, a donkey came to him and asked that his daughter was missing. John used his prophetic powers to know the location of his daughter. He found that Powell’s daughter has been abducted by neighboring jungle kingdom. This provided him to prepare his people against that kingdom. His real motive was not to get free Powell’s daughter but to capture the wealth of that kingdom. He attacked with full force. Kings of the neighboring jungle was quite of the greediness of John. So he prepared a deep ditch and covered with a jewels and gold. When John saw abundance of wealth, he jumped over it and was thrown into the ditch. Armed animals bruised him with their arms. When he was taking his breathe, he realized that positions gained through wrong means had no permanence and greed only brings misfortune.

Computational Complexity and Philosophical Dualism :: Dualism Essays

Computational Complexity and Philosophical Dualism ABSTRACT: I examine some recent controversies involving the possibility of mechanical simulation of mathematical intuition. The first part is concerned with a presentation of the Lucas-Penrose position and recapitulates some basic logical conceptual machinery (GÃ ¶del's proof, Hilbert's Tenth Problem and Turing's Halting Problem). The second part is devoted to a presentation of the main outlines of Complexity Theory as well as to the introduction of Bremermann's notion of transcomputability and fundamental limit. The third part attempts to draw a connection/relationship between Complexity Theory and undecidability focusing on a new revised version of the Lucas-Penrose position in light of physical a priori limitations of computing machines. Finally, the last part derives some epistemological/philosophical implications of the relationship between GÃ ¶del's incompleteness theorem and Complexity Theory for the mind/brain problem in Artificial Intelligence and discusses the compatibili ty of functionalism with a materialist theory of the mind. This paper purports to re-examine the Lucas-Penrose argument against Artificial Intelligence in the light of Complexity Theory. Arguments against strong AI based on some philosophical consequences derived from an interpretation of GÃ ¶del's proof have been around for many years since their initial formulation by Lucas (1961) and their recent revival by Penrose (1989,1994). For one thing, Penrose is right in sustaining that mental activity cannot be modeled as a Turing Machine. However, such a view does not have to follow from the uncomputable nature of some human cognitive capabilities such as mathematical intuition. In what follows I intend to show that even if mathematical intuition were mechanizable (as part of a conception of mental activity understood as the realization of an algorithm) the Turing Machine model of the human mind becomes self-refuting. Our contention will start from the notion of transcomputability. Such a notion will allow us to draw a pathway between formal and physical limitations of symbol-based artificial intelligence by bridging up computational complexity and undecidability. Furthermore, linking complexity and undecidability will reveal that functionalism is incompatible with a materialist theory of the mind and that adherents of functionalism have systematically overlooked implementational issues. 1 - The Lucas-Penrose argument — Lucas-Penrose argument runs as follows: GÃ ¶del's incompleteness theorem shows that computational systems are limited in a way that humans are not. In any consistent formal system powerful enough to do a certain sort of arithmetic there will be a true sentence — a GÃ ¶del sentence (G) — that the system cannot prove.

History of Personal Computers

History of the Personal Computer Introduction: The history of the personal computer is vast and complex. As computers continue to develop, each development brings greater opportunities and challenges to the world of computing. ————————————————- Learn how it all started and where it has led to in today’s world. Quiz 1. The first accurate mechanical calculator was invented in 1642 by __________. a. Charles Babbage b. Blaise Pascal c. Joseph Marie Jacquard d. Herman Hollerith 2. In 1993, the invention of which browser allowed Internet users to view multimedia files? e. Netscape Navigator . Internet Explorer g. Opera h. Mosaic 3. In 1975, Popular Electronics magazine advertised the __________ as the first computer available for personal use. i. Altair j. Apple Lisa k. IBM l. ENIAC 4. The principal features of the graphical user interface were developed by __________. m. Apple n. Microsoft o. Lotus p. Xerox 5. The __________, which can alter its electric state between on and off, is the basic building block for computer circuitry. q. Processor r. Circuit s. Transistor t. Microprocessor 6. Released in 1979, the first word processing application for personal computers was __________. . Word v. WordAssistant w. WordPerfect x. WordStar 7. Built in 1939, the __________ computer was the first to use vacuum tubes instead of mechanical switches to store binary data. y. ENIAC z. Altair {. Atanasoff-Berry |. IBM 8. Which computer was the first to use magnetic storage tape instead of punched cards? }. UNIVAC ~. ENIAC . Altair . ADA 9. The __________ is considered to be the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer. . Hollerith tabulating machine . Jacquard loom . ENIAC . Pascaline calculator 10. Who is considered the first computer programmer? Charles Babbage . Herman Hollerith . Grace Hopper . Ada Lovelace Projects Interviews Task: Interview pe ople of varying ages to find out how computers were used when they were in their childhood. Assignment: Interview four people of varying age ranges to find out how computers were used when they were in their childhood. Write a summary of how computers were used during their childhood. History of the Computer Task: View the history of the computer. Assignment: Visit www. pbs. org/nerds/timeline and view the history of the computer.Write a short description of the events during each of the following phases. 1. Prehistory 2. Electronics 3. Mini 4. Micro 5. Network The 1952 Presidential Election Task: We trust our lives to computers. They control planes in flight, calculate our payrolls, and monitor vital hospital equipment. It was not always this way, though. Let’s look at a computer’s role in predicting the 1952 presidential election. Assignment: Visit www. wired. com/science/discoveries/news/2008/11/dayintech_1104 to see what trust was placed in an early computer. 1. Wh at computer was used to predict the 1952 election? 2.Which network used the computer during a live broadcast of the election results? 3. Although the broadcast was from New York City, where was the computer located? 4. Who was predicted by preelection polls to be the winner? 5. Who did the computer predict the winner to be? 6. What were the numbers of electoral votes predicted to be? 7. What were the odds that this candidate would have even the minimum 266 electoral votes to win? 8. How did the news department respond to this information? 9. What were the final electoral vote counts, and what was the percentage of error from the initial prediction?

Personal Statement Of Albert Einstein - 776 Words

Personal: Albert Einstein was born March 14, 1849, Ulm, Germany. Einstein had one sister her name was Maja Einstein. Albert and his sister were close in age. Albert was born in 1879 and Maja was born in 1881. He was raised and from a Jewish family. Albert Einstein’s parents’ names were Hermann Einstein and Pauline Einstein. His father was a salesman and an engineer and his mother was a homemaker and a very good pianist. For Elementary School, he went to Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich. Someone named Talmud had shown Albert a Children ´s science text. It amazed him and made him want to work with the nature of light. First, he had to complete his education. Then he went to a high school in Aarau, Switzerland controlled by Jost Winteler. When he went to the school in Zurich, Einstein started to make a lot of friends and he also met this girl that became to be his wife who was a Serbian physics student, Mileva Maric. Mileva and Albert had two kids together one name was Lieserl. Then they had another kid named Hanes Albert then there last kid’s name was Eduard. After he graduated from Polytechnic, Albert faced many challenges for academic positions. Then Albert worked as a clerk at the Swiss patent office in Bern. Einstein’s next wife’s name was Elsa Là ¶wenthal. He was married to Elsa till they passed away. He made his name with four scientific articles they were published in 1905. In 1921, he went on to win worldwide fame for his general theory of relativity and a Nobel prize.Show MoreRelatedAn Interview with Albert Einstein Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthat his impact on the world is astonishing. Yes, many people have heard of Albert Einsteins General Theory of Relativity, but few people know about the intriguing life that led this scientist to discover what some have called The Greatest Single achievement of human thought! JB: So here with us today is Alert Einstein, So Albert... do you mind me asking you to tell us a little about your childhood? 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